A New Springsnail (hydrobiidae: Pyrgulopsis) from the Lower Colorado River Basin, Northwestern Arizona
نویسندگان
چکیده
—We describe a new springsnail species, Pyrgulopsis hualapaiensis, from the Lower Colorado River basin (northwestern Arizona) that has an ovateto narrow-conic shell and narrow penis ornamented with a small gland on the distal edge of the lobe. This new species differs from closely similar congeners from the Lower Colorado River basin in several details of female reproductive anatomy and in its mtCOI haplotype (3.0%–5.0% mean sequence divergence). Bayesian, maximum parsimony, and distance-based phylogenetic analyses of COI data congruently resolved P. hualapaiensis as sister to a divergent lineage of Pyrgulopsis thompsoni in the middle Gila River watershed (southeastern Arizona), although this relationship was not well supported. Pyrgulopsis hualapaiensis is endemic to a spring complex in the Hualapai Indian Reservation that is a culturally sensitive site for the tribe. The small population of these snails appears to be robust despite recent habitat modifications (trenching of outflow and construction of a spring box) and disturbance from road traffic. Future conservation measures could include monitoring of the population and augmentation of the gravel habitat used by these snails. RESUMEN.—Describimos una nueva especie de caracol de manantial, Pyrgulopsis hualapaiensis, de la cuenca baja del Río Colorado (noroeste de Arizona), que tiene una concha cónica-ovoide estrecha y un pene estrecho ornamentado con una glándula pequeña en el extremo distal del lóbulo. Esta nueva especie es diferente de congéneres similares cercanos de la cuenca baja del Río Colorado en varios detalles de la anatomía reproductiva femenina y en su haplotipo mtCOI (3.0%–5.0% secuencia de divergencia media). Un análisis Bayesiano, de parsimonia máxima y análisis basados en distancia filogenética de COI coincidieron en que P. hualapaiensis es hermana de un linaje divergente de Pyrgulopsis thompsoni encontrado en la cuenca media del Río Gila (sureste de Arizona), aunque esta relación no está bien sustentada. Pyrgulopsis hualapaiensis es una especie endémica de una área de manantiales en la reserva india Hualapai, una zona de importancia cultural para la tribu. La población pequeña de estos caracoles parece ser robusta, a pesar de las recientes modificaciones en su hábitat (la excavación de zanjas de salida y la construcción de la estructura que regula y protege el manantial) y la perturbación por el tráfico del camino. Futuras medidas de conservación podrían incluir el monitoreo de la población y el aumento del hábitat de grava utilizado por estos caracoles. 1Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013-7012. E-mail: [email protected] 2Department of Biology, Metropolitan State University of Denver, Denver, CO 80217. 3Museum of Northern Arizona, Flagstaff, AZ 86001.
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